M1a1 Thompson Gas Blowback Airsoft Parts

M1a1 Thompson Gas Blowback Airsoft Parts

American submachine gun

Submachine gun

Thompson Submachine Gun, Caliber .45
Model 1921 Thompson with vertical foregrip and 100 circular Type "C" drum mag
Type	Submachine gun
Place of origin	United states
Service history
In service	1938–1971 (officially, U.S. military) 1921–nowadays (other countries)
Used past	Come across Users
Wars	Chaco War Assistant Wars[one] Irish Civil War[2] Castellammarese War Globe State of war Ii[3] Indonesian National Revolution Chinese Civil War[4] Outset Indochina War[5] Greek Ceremonious State of war[6] Indo-Pakistani State of war of 1947 1948 Arab–Israeli War[vii] Malayan Emergency[8] Korean War[3] Algerian State of war Vietnam War[3] Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation The Troubles[9] Turkish invasion of Republic of cyprus Yugoslav Wars[ten] Republic of iraq War[xi] and numerous others
Product history
Designer	John T. Thompson
Designed	1917–1920
Manufacturer	Auto-Ordnance Company (originally) The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited Colt Savage Arms RPB Industries
Produced	1921–1945
No. built	Approximately 1.75 1000000 of all variants,[12] including: 562,511 M1928A1 285,480 M1 539,143 M1A1
Variants	See Variants section
Specifications
Mass	x.8 lb (four.ix kg) empty (Thompson M1928A1)[thirteen] 10 lb (4.5 kg) empty (Thompson M1A1) [xiv]
Length	33.7 in (860 mm) (M1928A1 with compensator)[xiii] 31.nine in (810 mm) (M1/M1A1)[fourteen]
Barrel length	10.52 in (267 mm)[13] 12 in (300 mm) (with Cutts compensator)
Cartridge	.45 ACP (xi.43×23mm) 10mm Auto (Limited quantity of FBI conversions)[15]
Action	Blowback, Blish Lock
Charge per unit of burn	approx. 700–800rpm (M1928),[xiii] approx. 600-700rpm (M1A1),[fourteen] approx.900 rpm (M1921) approx. 1500 rpm (Annihilator)
Muzzle velocity	935 ft/s (285 m/south)
Constructive firing range	164 yds (150 thousand[16])
Feed organization	xx-round stick/box magazine 0.4 lb (0.2 kg) unloaded[13] 30-round stick/box magazine 0.5 lb (0.ii kg) unloaded[thirteen] 50-round drum mag 2.six lb (1.two kg) unloaded[13] 100-round drum magazine (M1 and M1A1 models practise not take drum magazines)

The Thompson submachine gun (likewise known as the "Tommy Gun", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", or "Trench Broom") is a blowback-operated, air-cooled, magazine-fed selective-fire submachine gun, invented by the The states Army Brigadier general John T. Thompson in 1918. Information technology was originally designed to break the stalemate of trench warfare of World War I, simply was not finished until after the war ended.

The Thompson saw early use past the Usa Marine Corps during the Banana Wars,^[17] the United States Postal Inspection Service, the Irish Republican Ground forces, the Commonwealth of Cathay, and the FBI (following the Kansas City Massacre).

The Thompson became notorious during the Prohibition era, used every bit a signature weapon of various organized crime syndicates in the United states of america in the 1920s. It was a common sight in the media at the time, and was used by both law enforcement officers and criminals.^[xviii]

The Thompson was widely adopted by the U.S. military during World State of war Two, and was used extensively by the Allied troops during the state of war. It was designated every bit the M1928A1, M1 and M1A1 during this time. More one.5 million military Thompson submachine guns were produced during World War II.^[xix]

It is the first weapon to exist labeled and marketed as a "submachine gun".^[20]

The original fully automatic Thompsons are no longer produced. Numerous semi-automated civilian versions are still beingness produced by the manufacturer Auto-Ordnance. These models retain a similar appearance to the original, but have various modifications in social club to comply with US firearm laws.

History and service [edit]

Brigadier general John T. Thompson holding an M1921

Development [edit]

Brigadier full general John T. Thompson was the original programmer of the Thompson submachine gun, who spent virtually of his career in the ordnance section of the U.S. Ground forces. He envisioned information technology as being a fully automatic rifle in order to replace the bolt-action service rifles then in use (such as the American M1903 Springfield).

Brigadier general Thompson came across a patent issued to the American inventor John Bell Blish in 1915, while searching for a way to allow his weapon to operate safely without the complexity of a recoil or gas-operated reloading machinery. Blish'due south design (so known every bit the Blish Lock) was based on the supposed adhesion of inclined metal surfaces under pressure.^[21] Thompson gained financial backing from the man of affairs Thomas F. Ryan and proceeded to found a company, which he named the Motorcar-Ordnance Company, in 1916, for the purpose of developing his new "car rifle".

The Thompson was primarily developed in Cleveland, Ohio.^[22] Its main designers were Theodore H. Eickhoff, Oscar V. Payne, and George Eastward. Goll. By belatedly 1917, the limits of the Blish Lock were discovered (which is essentially an extreme manifestation of static friction), and, rather than the firearm working as a locked breech, the weapon was instead designed to function as a friction-delayed blowback action. It was constitute that the merely cartridge currently in service suitable for utilise with the new lock was the .45 ACP. General Thompson envisioned a "one-homo, paw-held machine gun" chambered in .45 ACP to exist used as a "trench broom" for the ongoing trench warfare of World State of war I. Oscar 5. Payne designed the new firearm forth with its stick and drum magazines. The projection was titled "Annihilator I". Most of the design issues had been resolved by 1918; however, the state of war ended two days earlier prototypes could be shipped to Europe.^[23]

At an Auto-Ordnance board coming together in 1919, in social club to discuss the marketing of the "Annihilator", with the war now over the weapon was officially renamed the "Thompson Submachine Gun". While other weapons had been developed presently prior with similar objectives in mind, the Thompson was the beginning weapon to exist labeled and marketed as a "submachine gun".^[xx] Thompson intended for the weapon to provide a high volume of automatic, man-portable fire for use in trench warfare—a role for which the Browning Automatic Burglarize (BAR) had been determined ill-suited.^[24] The concept had already been developed by German language troops using their own Bergmann MP eighteen (the world'southward first submachine gun) in concert with their Sturmtruppen tactics.^[25]

Early on apply [edit]

The outset Thompson entered production as the M1921. It was available to civilians, but, because of the weapon's high toll, initially saw poor sales. The Thompson (with 1 Type XX 20 round "stick" magazine) had been priced at $200 in 1921 (roughly equivalent to $2,902 in 2020).

M1921 Thompsons were sold in small numbers to the United States Postal Inspection Service^[26] and then they could protect the mail service from a spate of robberies.^[27] Information technology was also sold to the U.s.a. Marine Corps, who used their Thompsons in the Banana Wars.^[17] Thompsons had as well been widely used throughout Prc, where several Chinese warlords and their military machine factions running diverse parts of the fragmented country made purchases of the weapon, and later on produced many local copies.

The Thompson saw popularity as a point-defense weapon for countering ambushes by Nicaraguan guerrillas (in the Assistant Wars) and led to the cosmos of four-man fire teams which had every bit much firepower equally a nine-human burglarize squad. Federal sales were then followed by sales to police departments in the US, too every bit to various international armies and constabulary forces; chiefly in Central and Due south America.^[27]

The major initial complaints apropos the Thompson were its cumbersome weight, its inaccuracy at ranges over 50 yards (46 m), and its lack of penetrating power using the .45 ACP cartridge.^[28]

Some of the beginning batches of Thompsons were bought (in America) by agents of the Irish Democracy (notably the Irish politician Harry Boland). The starting time examination of the Thompson in Ireland was performed by Irish Republican Army unit commander Tom Barry, of the West Cork Brigade, in the presence of IRA leader Michael Collins.^[29] They purchased a total of 653 units, though U.s.a. community regime in New York seized 495 of the units in June 1921. The rest constitute their way to the Irish Republican Army by fashion of Liverpool, England, and were used in the terminal month of the Irish gaelic War of Independence (1919–21).^[30] After a truce with the British in July 1921, the Irish gaelic Republican Ground forces imported more units, which were used in the subsequent Irish Civil War (1922–23). The Thompson was non plant to be very effective in Ireland; having caused serious casualties in 32 per centum of the activity in which information technology was used.^[2]

The Thompson achieved early notoriety in the easily of Prohibition and Smashing Low-era gangsters and the lawmen who pursued them. It was also depicted in Hollywood films during this era, virtually notably regarding the St Valentine'south Day Massacre. The Thompson guns used in the massacre are notwithstanding being held past the Berrien County Sheriff's Department.^[31] The Thompson has been referred to by one researcher as the "gun that made the twenties roar".^{[32] [33]}

In 1926, the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle restriction) was offered equally an zipper selection for the Thompson. Models with the compensator were cataloged as No. 21AC, at the original toll of $200. The obviously Thompson (without the attachment) was designated No. 21A at a reduced price of $175.^[23]

In 1928, Federal Laboratories took over distribution of the weapon from Thompson's Auto Ordnance Corporation.^[34] The new cost was listed equally $225 per weapon (equivalent to $three,391 in 2020), with $v per 50-round drum and $3 per 20-round magazine.^[34]

A British soldier equipped with a Thompson M1928 submachine gun (drum magazine), November 25, 1940

Nationalist Cathay acquired a substantial number of Thompson guns for employ against Japanese land forces. They began producing copies of the Thompson in small quantities for employ by their armies and militias. In the 1930s, Taiyuan Armory (a Chinese weapons manufacturer) produced copies of the Thompson for Yan Xishan, and then warlord of Shanxi province.

The FBI had besides acquired Thompsons in 1933 following the Kansas City Massacre.^[34]

Earth War II [edit]

The Prime Minister Winston Churchill inspects a 'Tommy gun' while visiting coastal defence positions near Hartlepool on 31 July 1940

In 1938, the Thompson submachine gun was adopted by the U.S. military and was used during World State of war Ii.

There were two military types of Thompson submachine gun:

• The M1928A1, which had provisions for both box and drum magazines, utilized the Cutts muzzle restriction, had cooling fins on the butt, and employed a delayed blowback action with the charging handle on the top of the receiver.
• The M1 and M1A1, which had provisions for box magazines merely, did not have cooling fins on the barrel, had a simplified rear sight, and employed a straight blowback activeness with the charging handle on the side of the receiver.

Over 1.5 million military Thompson submachine guns were produced during World State of war Two.^[nineteen]

Magazine developments [edit]

Military users of the M1928A1 units had complaints of the "Fifty" 50-round drum magazine. The British Army criticized "the [mag's] excessive weight, [and] the rattling sound they made" and shipped thousands back to the U.Southward. in exchange for 20-round box magazines. The Thompson had to be artsy, commodities retracted, ready to fire, in order to attach the drum magazine. The drum mag as well attached and detached past sliding sideways, which made magazine changes irksome and cumbersome. They as well created difficulty when immigration a cartridge malfunction ("jam"). Reloading an empty drum with cartridges was a hard and involved process in which the 50 rounds would be inserted and so the magazine wound up until a minimum of nine to 11 loud "clicks" were heard before seating the magazine into the weapon.

In dissimilarity, the "Twenty" twenty-round box magazine was low-cal and compact. It tended not to rattle, and could be inserted with the bolt safely closed. The box magazine was quickly fastened and detached, and was removed downwards, making clearing jams easier. The box mag tripped the commodities open up lock when empty, facilitating magazine changes. An empty box was easy to reload with loose rounds. However, users complained that it was limited in capacity. In the field, some soldiers would tape two "XX" magazines together, in what would be known as "jungle style", to quicken magazine changes.^[35]

Two alternatives to the "L" 50-round drum and "Twenty" 20-round box magazines were tested December 6, 1941, at Fort Knox, Kentucky. An extended thirty-round box mag and a forty-round magazine, which were made past welding ii 20-round magazines face to face up, jungle manner, were tested. The testers considered both superior to either the "Xx" box or "L" drum. The 30-round box was canonical every bit the new standard in December 1941 to supervene upon the "Xx" and "50" magazines.^[36] (The concept of welding two box magazines contiguous was also carried over to the M42 submachine gun.)

M1 development [edit]

The staff of Savage Artillery looked for ways to simplify the M1928A1, and produced a image in February 1942, which was tested at Aberdeen Proving Footing in March 1942. Army Ordnance canonical adoption (as the M1) in April 1942. M1s were fabricated by Vicious Arms and past Auto-Ordnance. M1s were issued with the 30-round box magazine and would take the earlier 20-round box, merely would not have the pulsate mag.^[37]

Combat use [edit]

German Fallschirmjäger troops in Tunisia with a captured M1928A1 Thompson submachine gun

The Thompson was used in World War II in the hands of Allied troops every bit a weapon for scouts, not-commissioned officers (corporal, sergeant, and higher), and patrol leaders, besides as commissioned officers, tank crewmen, and soldiers performing raids on German positions. In the European theater, the gun was widely utilized in British and Canadian commando units, besides as in the U.S. Ground forces paratrooper and Ranger battalions, where information technology was issued more oft than in line infantry units because of its loftier rate of burn and its stopping power, which made it very constructive in the kinds of close combat these special operations troops were expected to undertake. Military Police were addicted of it, equally were paratroopers, who "borrowed" Thompsons from members of mortar squads for apply on patrols behind enemy lines.^[38] The gun was prized by those lucky enough to go ane and proved itself in the close street fighting that was encountered oft during the invasion of France. A Swedish variant of the M1928A1, the Kulsprutepistol grand/40 (submachine gun, model 40), served in the Swedish Army between 1940 and 1951. Through Lend-Lease, the Soviet Spousal relationship as well received the Thompson, only due to a shortage of advisable ammunition, its use was not widespread.^[39]

In the Malayan Entrada, the Burma Entrada and the Pacific Theater, Lend-Lease upshot Thompsons were used by the British Ground forces, Indian Army, Australian Army infantry and other Republic forces. They used the Thompson extensively in jungle patrols and ambushes, where information technology was prized for its firepower, though it was criticized for its hefty weight and poor reliability. Difficulties in supply eventually led to its replacement in Australian Army units in 1943 past other submachine guns such as the Owen and Austen, and British forces also largely replaced it with the Sten gun. Thompsons were likewise given to the Royal Australian Air Force and Royal Australian Navy. New Zealand commando forces initially used Thompsons only switched them for the more reliable, lighter, and more accurate Owen during the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal campaigns.^[forty] The U.Southward. Marines also used the Thompson as a limited-outcome weapon, especially during their later isle assaults. The Thompson was shortly found to take express outcome in heavy jungle cover, where the low-velocity .45 bullet would not penetrate most pocket-sized-diameter trees or protective armor vests. (In 1923, the Regular army had rejected the .45 Remington–Thompson, which had twice the energy of the .45 ACP).^[41] In the U.Due south. Army, many Pacific War jungle patrols were originally equipped with Thompsons in the early phases of the New Republic of guinea and Guadalcanal campaigns, but soon began employing the Browning Automatic Burglarize in its place as a point defense force weapon.^[42]

The Army introduced the U.S. M3 and M3A1 submachine guns in 1943 with plans to produce the latter in numbers sufficient to cancel hereafter orders for the Thompson, while gradually withdrawing information technology from the first-line service. However, due to unforeseen production delays and requests for modifications, the M3/M3A1 never replaced the Thompson, and purchases connected until February 1944. Though the M3 was considerably cheaper to produce, at the end of Globe War II, the Thompson, with a total wartime production of over i.v meg, outnumbered the M3/M3A1 submachine guns in service by nearly three to one.^[xix]

After Earth State of war Two [edit]

2 Israeli policemen, armed with Thompsons meet a Jordanian legionnaire virtually the Mandelbaum Gate c.  1950

Thompson submachine guns were used by both sides during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.^[43] Following the state of war, Thompsons were issued to members of Israel's elite Unit of measurement 101, upon the formation of that unit of measurement in 1953.^[44]

During the Greek Ceremonious War, the Thompson submachine gun was used by both sides. The Hellenic Armed Forces, gendarmerie and police units were equipped with Thompson submachine guns supplied by the British and later in the war by the United States. The opposing Communist fighters of the Democratic Army of Greece were also using Thompson submachine guns, either captured from government forces or inherited from ELAS. ELAS was the strongest of the resistance forces during the menstruum of Greek Resistance against the Germans and Italians and were supplied with artillery from both the British and the United States. After the demobilization of ELAS, an unspecified number of arms were not surrendered to the authorities but kept hidden, and were later used by the Autonomous Regular army of Greece.^[45]

The Thompson also plant service with the KNIL and the netherlands Marine Corps during their try to retake their former colony of Indonesia.^[46] Captured examples were later used past Indonesian forces against Dutch forces^{[ commendation needed ]} and during by Indonesian infiltrators during the 1965 Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.^[47]

By the fourth dimension of the Korean War in 1950, the Thompson had seen much use by the U.Southward. and South Korean military, fifty-fifty though the Thompson had been replaced equally standard-result past the M3/M3A1. With huge numbers of guns available in ground forces ordnance arsenals, the Thompson remained classed as Limited Standard or Substitute Standard long later the standardization of the M3/M3A1. Many Thompsons were distributed to the Usa-backed Nationalist Chinese military machine as armed services aid before the autumn of Chiang Kai-shek's government to Mao Zedong'south communist forces at the cease of the Chinese Civil State of war in 1949 (Thompsons had already been widely used throughout China since the 1920s, at a time when several Chinese warlords and their military factions running diverse parts of the fragmented country made purchases of the weapon and and so subsequently produced many local copies). During the Korean War, Us troops were surprised to see communist Chinese troops armed with Thompsons (amongst other captured US-made Nationalist Chinese and American firearms), especially during unexpected nighttime-time assaults which became a prominent Chinese gainsay tactic in the disharmonize. The gun'due south ability to evangelize large quantities of brusk-range automatic assault fire proved very useful in both defense and assault during the early on office of the war when information technology was constantly mobile and shifting dorsum and forth. Many Chinese Thompsons were captured and placed into service with American soldiers and marines for the remaining period of the war.

The Yugoslav Army received 34,000 M1A1 Thompsons during the 1950s as function of a United states of america Military Aid to Yugoslavia Agreement. These guns were used during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s.^[ten]

During the Cuban Revolution, the Thompson submachine gun was used by both Batista's army and Fidel Castro'due south guerrillas. Both the latter and the Brigade 2506 also used some during the bay of Pigs Invasion.^[48]

During the Vietnam War, some Due south Vietnamese army units and defence force militia were armed with Thompson submachine guns, and a few of these weapons were used by reconnaissance units, advisors, and other American troops. It was partially replaced by the MAC-10, admitting during Vietnam, the fully automated burn down provided past the M16 fabricated the Thompson less constructive than it previously had been. However, not merely did some U.Southward. soldiers take use of them in Vietnam, they encountered them as well. The Viet Cong liked the weapon and used both captured models as well as manufacturing their own copies in modest jungle workshops.^[49]

The Australian government destroyed most of their Thompson car carbines in the 1960s. They shipped their remaining stocks to arm the forces of Lon Nol's Khmer Republic in 1975. They were and so captured and used past the Khmer Rouge.

In the conflict in Northern Ireland, known as the Troubles (1969–1998), the Thompson was again used by the Irish Republican paramilitaries. According to historian Peter Hart, "The Thompson remained a fundamental part of both the Official IRA and Provisional IRA arsenals until well into the 1970s when information technology was superseded by the Armalite and the AK-47."^[ix]

The Thompson was likewise used by U.South. and overseas law enforcement and constabulary forces, most prominently by the FBI. The FBI used Thompsons until they were declared obsolete and ordered destroyed in the early 1970s.^[fifty]

Collector interest [edit]

Because of their quality and craftsmanship, as well as their gangster-era and WWII connections, Thompsons are sought as collector'due south items. In that location were fewer than 40 pre-product prototypes. The Filly Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in Hartford, Connecticut was contracted by the Motorcar-Ordnance Corporation to manufacture the initial mass production of 15,000 Thompson Submachine Guns in 1920. An original Colt Model 1921 A or Ac, Model 1927 A or AC, Model 1928 Navy A or AC, properly registered in working condition with original components can easily fetch from US$25,000 to $45,000+ depending on condition and accessories. For WWII, approximately one,700,000 Thompson Submachine Guns were produced by Car-Ordnance and Savage Arms, with 1,387,134 being the simplified World War II M1 and M1A1 variants (without the Blish lock and oiling organisation^[51]).

A Model 1921A believed to have been owned past Bonnie and Clyde, but without historical documentation to substantiate this provenance, sold at auction on Jan 21, 2012, in Kansas City for $130,000.^[52]

Features [edit]

Operating characteristics [edit]

Thompson M1928A1, field stripped

Early versions of the Thompson, the Model 1919, had a fairly high cyclic rate of fire, as loftier as ane,200 rounds per minute (rpm), with most Model 1921s at 800 rpm. This rate of fire, combined with a rather heavy trigger pull and a stock with an excessive driblet, increases the tendency for the barrel to climb off target in automatic fire.^{[53] [54]} In 1927, the U.S. Navy ordered 500 Thompsons but requested a lower rate of fire. Thompson requested Payne to develop a method of reducing the cyclic charge per unit of fire. Payne then replaced the actuator with one that was heavier, and replaced the recoil bound with one that was stiffer; the changes reduced the charge per unit of fire from 800 to the 600 rpm of the U.S. Navy Model 1928. Later M1 and M1A1 Thompsons averaged likewise 600 rpm.^[53] Compared to more mod submachine guns, the Thompson is quite heavy, weighing roughly the same as the contemporary M1 Garand semi-automated rifle, and requires a lot of cleaning. This was one of the major complaints nigh the weapon by U.S. Army personnel to whom it was issued.^[28]

Thompson 1921, field stripped

Although the drum magazine provided significant firepower, in armed forces service it was found to be overly heavy and beefy, specially when slung on the shoulder while marching.^[54] The M1928A1 Thompson drum magazine was rather fragile, and cartridges tended to rattle inside it, producing unwanted dissonance.^[55] For these reasons, the 20-circular and later 30-round box magazines soon proved most pop with military users of the M1928A1, and drum compatibility was non included in the design of the wartime M1 and M1A1 models. The Thompson was i of the earliest submachine guns to contain a double-column, staggered-feed box mag pattern, which undoubtedly contributed to the gun's reputation for reliability. In add-on, the gun performed ameliorate than most after exposure to rain, clay, and mud.^[28]

The selective-burn (semi or fully automatic) Thompson fires from the "open commodities" position, in which the bolt is held fully to rearward past the sear when artsy. When the trigger is depressed, the commodities is released, traveling forrard to chamber and simultaneously fire the showtime and subsequent rounds until either the trigger is released or the ammunition is exhausted. This eliminates the take a chance of "cook-off", which can sometimes occur in closed-bolt automated weapons.

Disassembly [edit]

The Thompson submachine gun varies in field strip process, depending on the variant. World War II-era M1 variants and RPB models field strip more hands than the M1921.^{[ citation needed ]}

The 1928 variant can be disassembled hands by first detaching the stock, and then sliding off the lower receiver and then simply removing the internal parts, cleaning them, and so putting it back together. When opened up, the Thompson features a small number of parts that need to be removed including the spring, bolt, Blish Lock, and actuator commodities.

Variants [edit]

Prototypes [edit]

Persuader and Annihilator [edit]

There were two main experimental models of the Thompson. The Persuader was a belt-fed version adult in 1917/xviii. Information technology was partially built, just never completely finished. The Annihilator, serial no. Ver 10 prototypes were similar in appearance to the after models, but without the rear sight and butt stock mounts. The Annihilator prototypes start were fed from a 20-circular box mag, but afterward, the fifty- and 100-circular pulsate magazine models were developed.

Model 1919 [edit]

Starting with the Series no. eleven, the Model 1919 takes the final advent of the later Thompsons with the rear sights and butt stock. The Model 1919 was limited to near xl units; the first congenital did non use the drums, every bit it was besides hard to fire. Many variations have been noted inside this model. The weapons had very high cyclic rates up to ane,500 rpm.^[18] This was the weapon Brigadier General Thompson demonstrated at Camp Perry in 1920. A number of Model 1919s were made without butt stocks, rear and front end sights, but the terminal version closely resembled the afterward Model 1921. This model was designed to "sweep" trenches with bullets. The New York City Police Section was the largest purchaser of the M1919. Some experimental calibers bated from the standard .45 ACP (11.4x23mm) were the .22LR, .32 ACP, .38 ACP, and 9mm.^[27]

.351 WSL variant [edit]

Only one epitome was fabricated in .351 WSL using a standard 20" barrel which had a ROF of 1000rpm.

Thompson .30 Carbine [edit]

The layout and ergonomics of the Thompson submachine gun were also considered for the role of a Lite Rifle before the adoption of the M1 Carbine. An case known as the "Calibre .30 Short Rifle" was based on the M1921/27 variants.^[56] Nonetheless, it was turned down without testing due to logistical bug.^[57]

.30-06 variant [edit]

A .xxx–06 variant was intended every bit a rival to the M1918 BAR. It had an extended receiver with a recoil buffer and was fed from 20-round magazines.^[58]

Production [edit]

Model 1921 [edit]

The Model 1921 (M1921) was the beginning major production model. Fifteen chiliad were produced by Colt for Motorcar-Ordnance. In its original design, it was finished more than similar a sporting weapon, with an adjustable rear sight, a blued, finned barrel and vertical foregrip (or pistol grip) and the Blish lock. The M1921 was quite expensive to manufacture, with the original retail price effectually $200, because of its loftier-quality forest piece of furniture and finely machined parts. The M1921 was famous throughout its career with constabulary and criminals and in motion pictures. This model gained fame from its use by criminals during Prohibition, and was nicknamed "tommy gun" by the media.^{[ citation needed ]}

Model 1923 [edit]

The Model 1923 was a heavy submachine gun introduced to potentially expand the Auto-Ordnance production line and was demonstrated for the U.Due south. Army. It fired the more powerful .45 Remington–Thompson cartridge which fired a heavier 250 gr (0.57 oz; 16 g) bullet at muzzle velocities of most ane,450 ft/s (440 m/southward) and free energy most 1,170 ft⋅lb (1,590 J), with greater range than the .45 ACP. It introduced a horizontal forearm, improved inline stock for accurateness, 14 in (36 cm) butt, bipod, and bayonet lug. The M1923 was intended to rival the M1918 Browning Automated Rifle (BAR), with which the Ground forces was already satisfied. The Army did not give the Model 1923 much consideration, so it was not adopted.

Model 1921AC (1926) [edit]

While not a new model in the usual sense of incorporating major changes, in 1926 the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle restriction) was offered as an option for the M1921; Thompsons with the compensator were cataloged every bit No. 21AC at the original price of $200.00, with the plain M1921 designated No. 21A at a reduced toll of $175.00.^[23] The Model 1921 was thereafter referred to equally Model 1921A or Model 1921AC, though some collectors still refer to it equally the Model 1921.

Model 1928 [edit]

The Model 1928 was the first type widely used past military forces, with the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps equally major buyers through the 1930s. The original Model 1928s were Model 1921s with weight added to the actuator, which slowed down the cyclic rate of fire, a U.s.a. Navy requirement. On these guns, the model number "1921" on the receiver was updated by stamping an "eight" over the last "ane". The Navy Model 1928 has several names amid collectors: the "Colt Overstamp", "1921 Overstamp", "28 Navy", or only "28N".

The 1928 Thompson would be the last pocket-size arm adopted by the U.S. Army that used a year designation in the official nomenclature. With the start of Earth War Two, major contracts from several countries saved the manufacturer from bankruptcy. A notable variant of the Model 1928 with an aluminum receiver and tenite grip, buttstock, and forend, was made by Fell.^[59]

M1928A1 [edit]

The M1928A1 variant entered mass production before the assault on Pearl Harbor, as on-hand stocks ran out. Changes included a horizontal forend, in place of the distinctive vertical foregrip ("pistol grip"), and a provision for a military sling. Despite new U.S. contracts for Lend-Charter shipments abroad to Cathay, France, and the United Kingdom, besides equally the needs of American armed forces, only two factories supplied M1928A1 Thompsons during the early years of World War 2. Though information technology could use both the l-round drum and the twenty- or 30-circular box magazines, active service favored the box magazines as the drums were more than prone to jamming, rattled when moving, and were besides heavy and bulky on long patrols. 562,511 were made. Wartime production variants had a fixed rear sight without the triangular sight guard wings and a non-ribbed butt, both similar those found on the M1/M1A1.

In improver, the Soviet Union received M1928A1s, included as standard equipment with the M3 light tanks obtained through Lend-Lease. These submachine guns were used to a express extent by the Ruby Army.^[60]

Some M1928A1 Thompsons were used by the French before and during the Battle of France (1940) under the designation "Pistolet-mitrailleur xi mm 43 (C.45) Grand. 28 A1."

An M1928A1 with an unusual inline stock, modified with elevated sights to increase accuracy, also was produced. Some Thompsons were congenital with a folding stock, similar to M1A1 Carbines used past Allied tank crews, drivers and paratroopers and submarine raiders.^[61]

Service variants [edit]

Thompson Motorcar Carbine (TMC) [edit]

In 1940, Commonwealth troops in Arab republic of egypt and North Africa were issued commercial model Lend-Charter Filly- and Brutal-manufactured M1928s. Department leaders carried them instead of pistols or rifles. Many of the Colt models had French-language manuals packed with them as they had been abruptly diverted to England after the fall of France. They before long discovered that the weapon was prone to jamming due to sand. To set up this, the armorers removed the Blish Lock and replaced it with a hex bolt to keep the cocking handle and bolt together. The 20-circular Type Twenty magazines had their peep-holes welded shut to proceed sand out and the l-round Blazon 50 drums were discontinued. Ammunition was scarce equally information technology was either in small lots of Lend-Lease commercial ammo or obtained from adjacent American troops. Information technology was later replaced by the 9mm Sten gun and Lanchester SMG.

Models used in the Pacific by Australian troops had their sling swivels remounted on the left side to allow information technology to be fired more easily while decumbent. A metallic sling mount was fitted to the left side of the wooden buttstock. Ammunition was manufactured in Australia or obtained from side by side American troops. Information technology was later replaced by the Owen Auto Carbine.

M1 [edit]

Burn Controls on an M1928A1 Thompson. Front lever is the selector switch, set for full motorcar.

Responding to a asking for further simplification, the M1 was standardized in April 1942 as the United States Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1. Rate of fire was reduced to approximately 600–700 rpm.

First issued in 1943, the M1 uses a uncomplicated blowback operation, with the charging handle moved to the side. The flip-up adjustable Lyman rear sight was replaced with a fixed Fifty sight. Late M1s had triangular guard wings added to the rear L sight, which were standardized on the M1A1. The slots adjoining the magazine well allowing the use of a drum mag were removed. A new mag catch with the provision for retaining pulsate magazines removed, was produced, but most M1s and subsequently M1A1s retained the original. The less expensive and more-hands manufactured "stick" magazines were used exclusively in the M1, with a new 30-round version joining the familiar 20-round blazon. The Cutts compensator, barrel cooling fins, and Blish lock were omitted while the buttstock was permanently affixed. Late production M1 stocks were fitted with reinforcing bolts and washers to foreclose splitting of the stock where it attached to the receiver. The British had used improvised bolts or wood screws to reinforce M1928 stocks. The M1 reinforcing commodities and washer were carried over to the M1A1 and retrofitted to many of the M1928A1s in U.S. and British service. Late M1s also had simplified burn command switches, besides carried over to the M1A1. Certain M1s had issues with loftier rate of fire climbing upwardly to ~800 RPM. The exact cause remains unknown, but was resolved with the transition to the M1A1.^[62]

M1A1 [edit]

Both sides of the Thompson M1A1 shown with 30-round magazine

The M1A1, standardized in October 1942 as the United States Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1A1, could be produced in half the fourth dimension of the M1928A1, and at a much lower cost. The main divergence between the M1 and M1A1 was the bolt. The M1 commodities had a floating firing pivot and hammer, the commodities of the M1A1 had the firing pin machined to the face up of the commodities, eliminating unnecessary parts. The reinforced stock and protective sight wings were standard. The 30-circular magazine became more mutual. In 1939, Thompsons toll the government $209 apiece. Past the spring of 1942, cost-reduction design changes had brought this downwardly to $70. In February 1944, the M1A1 reached a depression price of $45 each, including accessories and spare parts, although the difference in cost betwixt the M1 and M1A1 was only $0.06. Past the end of the war, the M1A1 was replaced with the even lower-cost M3 (unremarkably called the "Grease Gun").

Semi-automatic [edit]

Model 1927 [edit]

The Model 1927 was the open up bolt semi-automatic version of the M1921. It was made by modifying an existing Model 1921, including replacing certain parts. The "Thompson Submachine Gun" inscription was machined over to replace it with "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine", and the "Model 1921" inscription was likewise machined over to replace it with "Model 1927." Although the Model 1927 was semi-automatic just, it was easily converted to fully automatic by installing a full-machine Model 1921 fire control group (internal parts). Well-nigh Model 1927s owned by police have been converted dorsum to total-auto.^[63] The original Model 1927 is classified every bit a machine gun nether the National Firearms Act of 1934 (a) past being "readily convertible" by swapping parts and (b) by a 1982 BATF ruling making all open bolt semi-automatic firearms manufactured after the date of this ruling classified as car guns.

Model 1927A1 [edit]

The Model 1927A1 is a semi-automatic replica version of the Thompson, originally produced by Auto-Ordnance of Due west Hurley, New York for the civilian collector's market place from 1974 to 1999. It has been produced since 1999 by Kahr Artillery of Worcester, Massachusetts. It is officially known as the "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Model of 1927A1." The internal design is completely different to operate from the closed bolt and the carbine has a barrel length of xvi.five in (420 mm) (versus open up bolt operation and butt length of x.5 in (270 mm) for the fully automatic versions). Under federal regulations, these changes brand the Model 1927A1 legally a rifle and remove it from the federal registry requirements of the National Firearms Human activity. These modern versions should not be confused with the original semi-automatic M1927, which was a slightly modified M1921 produced by Filly for Car-Ordnance.

The Model 1927A1 is the semi-automatic replica of the Thompson Models of 1921 and 1927. The "Thompson Commando" is a semi-automatic replica of the M1928A1. The Auto-Ordnance replica of the Thompson M1 and M1A1 is known as the TM1, and may exist found marked "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Caliber .45M1".

Model 1927A3 [edit]

The Model 1927A3 is a semi-automated, .22 caliber version of the Thompson produced by Automobile-Ordnance in Westward Hurley.

Model 1927A5 [edit]

The Model 1927A5 is a semi-automatic, .45 ACP pistol version of the Thompson originally produced past Auto-Ordnance in West Hurley from the 1970s until the early on 1990s or belatedly 1980s. It featured an aluminum receiver to reduce weight. Information technology has since been replaced with the Kahr Artillery TA5 Pistol, which features a 10.5" barrel and steel receiver, dissimilar the 1927A5'southward 13" barrel and aluminum receiver.

As per the NFA (National Firearms Act of 1934), the "1927A5 .45 ACP Pistol" is simply classified as a "Firearm" (Whatever type of firearm with an overall length of 26" or greater, that does not have a buttstock) equally it neither fits the definition of a Pistol or Burglarize under federal law. This categorization as well legally allows information technology to have 1921 or 1928 style foregrip equipped, dissimilar other "pistol style" Thompson variants, without an AOW (Any Other Weapon) Tax Postage stamp.

Auto-Ordnance 1927A5 DOJ BATFE Firearm Classification Letter

1928A1 LTD [edit]

The 1928A1 LTD is a civilian semi-automatic conversion past Grand duchy of luxembourg Defense force Technology (LuxDefTec) in Grand duchy of luxembourg. They are made from original 1928A1 guns of diverse appearance (with or without Cutt's compensator, ribbed or smooth barrels, adaptable or stock-still sights), that were imported Lend-Lease guns from Russia.

Export variants [edit]

BSA Thompsons [edit]

In an attempt to aggrandize interest and sales overseas, Auto-Ordnance entered into a partnership with and licensed the Birmingham Modest Arms Visitor Limited (BSA) in England to produce a European model. These were produced in pocket-sized quantities and have a dissimilar advent than the classic style. The BSA 1926 was manufactured in 9mmP and 7.63mm Mauser and were tested by diverse governments, including French republic, in the mid-1920s. Information technology was never adopted by any military force, and just a pocket-size number were produced.^[64]

RPB Thompsons [edit]

Special purpose variant [edit]

A special purpose auto pistol variant of the Thompson is manufactured by RPB Industries of Atlanta.^[65]

Suppressed variant [edit]

A version with a threaded barrel for suppressors, side folding stock, and modified sights.

Civilian buying [edit]

Canada [edit]

All variants and modified versions of Thompson submachine guns (even semiautomatic-just versions) are prohibited by proper name in Canada, as part of Prohibited Weapons Gild No. 13 in 1995. Consequently, they cannot be legally imported or owned except nether very express circumstances. For example, to own 1 the person must exist "grandfathered" and accept owned one before the bill was passed against it. The submachine gun is not grandfathered like in the U.S., only the owner. The submachine gun tin can only exist sold to other grandfathered individuals; this keeps prices extremely depression every bit the number of permitted licensed individuals is very small and dwindling with time. Eventually, all prohibited guns volition be out of apportionment.^{[66] : Function 1.86 [67]}

U.s.a. [edit]

The perceived popularity of submachine guns such as the Thompson with fierce gangsters in the 1920s and 1930s was one of the main reasons given for passage of the National Firearms Act by the United States Congress in 1934. Ane of its provisions was that owners of fully automated firearms were required to annals them with the predecessor agency of the modern Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The police also placed restrictions on the possession, transfer, and transport of the weapons.

There are several U.S. made automated and semi-automatic variants, copies, or replicas. The semi-automatic versions are less regulated by federal constabulary.

United Kingdom [edit]

The possession of any fully automatic firearm is prohibited in the Britain by the Firearms Act 1968; prohibited firearms can be possessed on a section 5 document, just these are not issued for sporting purposes. A fully automatic firearm that has been converted to semi-automatic fire, such as the Model 1927, is prohibited past the Firearms Act 1988, as is whatsoever heart-fire purpose-made semi-automatic weapon, such equally the Model 1927A1. It is now effectively impossible for a firearm of this type to exist legally possessed by a member of the general public, except in certified deactivated condition or where specifically manufactured as a semi-automatic in calibre .22LR.

Federal republic of germany [edit]

The gun, in a regime approved semiautomatic conversion or clone, tin can legally be owned past hunters and sport shooters. With a pattern appointment prior to 1942 it is not considered a "weapon of state of war." But the fully automatic version is a prohibited weapon. As a long gun, it can be bought by hunters (even if it cannot be used to actually hunt for legal reasons). There are disciplines in government approved sport shooting rulebooks that allow this type to exist used, therefore the gun can exist bought by sport shooters, besides.

Users [edit]

• Algeria^[68]
• Argentine republic: M1928 and M1 Thompson^[69]
• Bolivia^[lxx]
• Brazil: Used by the Brazilian forces from WWII^[71] until the mid-1980s.
• British India: Widely used by the Indian Army in the Malayan Entrada,^[72] in the European theatre^[73] and Burma Campaigns
• Canada^[74]
• Cuba^[75]
• People'south Republic of Communist china: Unlicensed copies^{[76] [77]}
• Republic of China^[4]
• Croatia^[three]
• Egypt^[78]
• French republic:^[76] The M1928A1 was used equally the Pistolet-mitrailleur xi mm 43 (C.45) M. 28 A1.^[79] The M1A1 was also used.^[80]
• Greece: Used by Greek military, resistance fighters, Gendarmerie and constabulary units during World War Two and immediately postwar menstruum.^{[45] [81]}
• Guatemala^[82]
• Haiti^[83]
• Iraq: Iraqi insurgents^[11]
• Regal Land of Iran: Used by the Imperial Iranian Baby-sit Units, first saw action during the Iran crisis of 1946.^[84]
• State of israel:^[44]
• Italy: Captured examples pressed into use past the Italian Army prior to September eight, 1943.^[85] As well supplied to partisans and to the Italian Co-belligerent Army.^[86] After the war, it was more often than not issued to Italian Air Force troopers^[87] and the Carabinieri.^[88]
• Nihon: Were used in some quantities past the Japanese Maritime Cocky-Defense^{[89] [ unreliable source? ]}
• Jordan^[7]
• Kingdom of Laos: Limited received by U.South regime and used during the Beginning Indochina War and Vietnam War.^[90]
• Luxembourg: M1A1 in service 1952–1967, replaced past Uzi.^[91]
• Malaysia^[viii]
• The Netherlands: In early World War 2, at least 3,680 Thompsons caused through Lend-Lease^[23]
• New Zealand: M1928 and M1928A1^[92]
• Nicaragua:^[93] The Nicaraguan National Guard received M1928A1s and some were captured by Sandino's rebels.^[94]
• N Korea: Chinese-made Thompsons used by the Korean People's Army in the Korean War.^[95]
• North Vietnam: Unlicensed copies.^[76] Used by Viet Minh in the First Indochina War.^[5]
• Poland: Used by the Polish Armed Forces in the West during WWII^[96] and by resistance fighters during the Warsaw Insurgence (from supply drops)
• Portugal: Pocket-size number bought for constabulary use, designated g/1928^[97]
• Somalia^[98]
• Due south Vietnam^[3]
• Soviet Union^[99]
• Sweden^[100]
• United Kingdom. First issued to the GHQ Liaison Unit ('Phantom') in Feb 1940, in advance of main War Part contracts.^[101]
• U.s.: Employed past the United states of america Marine Corps^[27] and by the United States Army 1938,^[102] including paratroops in Globe State of war Ii.
• Vietnam Used by Viet Cong during Vietnam War.^[103]
• Venezuela^[104]
• Yugoslavia^[10]

Not-country groups [edit]

• The Provisional IRA and Official IRA used the 1921 variant, mainly during the early 1960s to 1970s.^{[105] [106]}
• The Angry Brigade^[107]
• Republic of azerbaijan People's Authorities^[84]
• Afghan Mujahideen^[108]

Run into also [edit]

• List of U.Due south. Army weapons past supply catalog designation SNL A-32

References [edit]

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Bibliography [edit]

• Albert, David and Sig, Mike. (2005). Thompson Manuals, Catalogs, and Other Paper Items. Self Published.
• Bannan, James F. and Loma, Tracie L. (1989). Notes On Auto-Ordnance. South West Publishing Co.
• Bearse, Ray (1994). "The Thompson Submachine Gun: Weapon of State of war and Peace". In Murtz, Harold A. (ed.). Gun Assimilate Treasury (seventh ed.). DBI Books. ISBN978-0873491563.
• Burrough, Bryan. (2004). Public Enemies: America's Greatest Offense Wave and the Nascence of the FBI. The Penguin Press.
• Cox, Roger A. (1982). The Thompson Submachine Gun. Law Enforcement Ordnance Company.
• Dunlap, Roy F. (1948). Ordnance Went Up Front end. Samworth Press.
• Ellis, Chris. (1998). The Thompson Submachine Gun. Armed services Book Society.
• Fitzsimons, Bernard (1977). The illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare . Phoebus. OCLC 18501210.
• George, John (Lt. Col) (1981) [1948]. Shots Fired In Anger (two ed.). NRA Press. ISBN978-0935998429.
• Hart, Peter (2003). The I.R.A. at State of war, 1916–1923. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0199277865.
• Herigstad, Gordon. (1996). Colt Thompson Serial Numbers. Self-published.
• Loma, Tracie L. (1996). Thompson: The American Fable. Collector Grade Publications.
• Hill, Tracie L. (2009). The Ultimate Thompson Book. Collector Grade Publications.
• Hogg, Ian V. and Weeks, John. (1989). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. DBI Books Inc.
• Huon, Jean. (1995). Les pistolets-mitrailleurs Thompson. Barnett Editions, also Editions Crepin-LeBlond.
• Iannamico, Frank (2000). American Thunder: The Armed forces Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2003). "The Colt Thompson Submachine Gun". The Shotgun News Treasury Event Volume 4. Primedia Publishing
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). American Thunder Two: The Armed services Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). United states Submachine Guns. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Johnson, Melvin M. and Haven, Charles J. (1941). Automated Arms. William Morrow and Co.
• Linton, Peter. The Machinist'southward Guide to the Thompson Submachine Gun (2012) Gun Show Books Publishing ISBN 978-0-9787086-ii-7
• Nelson, Thomas B. (1963). The World's Submachine Guns, Volume I. International Small-scale Arms Publishers.
• Pegler, Martin (2010). The Thompson Submachine Gun: From Prohibition Chicago to World War Ii. Weapon i. Osprey Publishing. ISBN9781849081498.
• (in Portuguese) Olive, Ronaldo. (1996). Guia Internacional de Submetralhadoras. Editora Magnum Ltda.
• (in Greek) Sazanidis, Christos (1995). Τα όπλα των Ελλήνων [Arms of the Greeks] (in Greek). Thessaloniki (Hellenic republic): Maiandros. ISBN978-960-90213-0-ii.
• Sharpe, Philip B. "The Thompson Sub-Machine Gun (in Police force Scientific discipline)" Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1931–1951), Vol. 23, No. 6. (Mar. – Apr., 1933), pp. 1098–1114.
• Smith, Charles H. A brief story of Auto-Ordnance Company.
• Smith, Joseph E. (1969). Small Artillery of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Company. ISBN9780811715669.
• "Sturmgewehr!" by R. Blake Stevens Collector Grade Publications (2004). Thompsons(!) in Weimar Germany ISBN 0889353565, 9780889353565
• Weeks, John. (1980). Globe War II Modest Arms. Galahad Books.
• Wilson, R.K. (1943). Textbook of Automatic Pistols. Minor Arms Technical Publishing Company.
• Yenne, Bill (2009). Tommy Gun: How General Thompson's Submachine Gun Wrote History . New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN978-0-312-38326-8. (340 pages; contains blackness-and-white photographs and illustrations).

External links [edit]

• Auto Ordnance
• The Official Thompson Collectors Clan Folio
• "Thompson Submachine Gun: Principles of Operation 1943" on YouTube

M1a1 Thompson Gas Blowback Airsoft Parts

Posted by: knightheddleggliha.blogspot.com

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